危害白蜡树的云斑白条天牛种群空间格局及抽样技术

云斑白条天牛在黄河三角洲地区严重危害白蜡树,本研究应用聚集指标法、Taylor幂法则、Iwao m*-m回归分析法,对危害白蜡云斑白条天牛种群卵、幼虫、成虫的空间分布型和抽样技术进行了研究。结果表明:危害白蜡云斑白条天牛种群的卵、幼虫、成虫均呈聚集分布,其聚集性随密度的增加而增大。运用Iwao m*-m回归中的两个参数α和β值,建立了在不同精度下以刻槽、排粪孔和羽化孔为防治指标时的理论抽样数公式及序贯抽样数公式,计算出了抽样调查时的理论抽样数据表及序贯抽样数据表,在生产实践中可根据实际需要查询表中数据确定调查样本数。     

粉煤灰在路面中的应用研究

高速公路水泥路面对水泥混凝土的路用性能有特殊的要求，混合料既要有良好的物理性能，又要提高抗折强度。本文通过研究混凝土掺入粉煤灰的性能，来确定粉煤灰的技术要求、合适的掺量、配合比设计方法。     

Evaluation of coal combustion byproducts as soil liming materials: their influence on soil pH and enzyme activities

There is considerable interest in the use of coal combustion byproducts as soil liming materials in agricultural production, but there is concern that such use may be detrimental to the quality of agricultural soils. To evaluate these byproducts as liming materials and address issues related to soil quality, we compared the influence of different amounts of four combustion byproducts [fly ash and bed ash from a fluidized bed combustion furnace, lime-injected multistage burner residue, and spray dryer residue] and CaCO₃ on soil pH and activities of urease, phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and dehydrogenase in an acidic soil. Studies comparing the influence of the combustion byproducts and CaCO₃ on soil pH showed that on a weight basis of application, substantial differences were observed in the ability of these materials to influence soil pH but that such differences decreased markedly after the data were transformed to a CaCO₃ equivalent basis of application. Analysis of covariance for these transformed data indicated that whereas the liming abilities of fly ash and CaCO₃ were not significantly different when compared on the CaCO₃ equivalent basis, those of bed ash, multistage burner residue, and spray dryer residue were less than that of CaCO₃. Studies comparing the influence of the byproducts and CaCO₃ on soil enzyme activities showed that the effect of these liming materials on the enzyme activities studied was largely due to their influence on soil pH. The relationships obtained between soil pH and enzyme activities in soil amended with the liming materials generally demonstrated the marked similarities in the influence of the combustion byproducts and CaCO₃ on these activities when observed within the domain of soil pH. These studies showed that the combustion byproducts tested functioned as soil liming materials in a manner similar to that of CaCO₃ and seemed to have little adverse effect on soil quality.     

Effect of boron sources on garlic (Allium sativum L.) productivity

A previously unknown requirement for B by garlic (var. Chiang Mai) has been identified at San Pa tong Rice Experiment Station, Chiang Mai Province. Field experiments were conducted following rice cultivation on major soils (Typic Tropaqualfs) in the northern parts of Thailand. Various sources of B fertilizers such as borax, coal fly ash, and fritted trace elements were applied to the soil to compare their effectiveness in alleviating the B deficiency in garlic. The findings indicated that all of the sources used promoted plant productivity from 24 to 40% compared with the untreated plants. The highest yield (6.13 t ha^-1) was obtained in a treatment with coal fly ash at 825 g B ha^-1. The average size and weight of garlic cloves from this treatment were also the highest. However, in terms of storage, the application of B with other trace elements was found to be preferable.     

固体燃料(煤)高效燃烧炉的研究与设计

本文综合分析了国内外供热装置,研制了一种具有两级燃烧室和高温除尘装置的新型固体燃料(煤)高效燃烧炉。实验证明该燃烧炉的设计结构和参数匹配是合理的。结合实验提出了控制燃烧炉处于最佳运行状态的方法。     

宝鸡燃煤电厂粉煤灰农田施用的环境放射性评价

采用NaⅠ(T1)低本底"能谱分析仪,对宝鸡燃煤电厂粉煤灰及模拟土壤样品中的天然放射性核素进行了分析。结果表明,粉煤灰中天然放射性核素226Ra、232Th、40K的比活度分别为:63.31～165.09Bq·kg-1,平均108.64Bq·kg-1;95.35～173.57Bq·kg-1,平均141.00Bq·kg-1;193.49～502.31Bq·kg-1,平均354.94Bq·kg-1。农田模拟试样研究表明,土壤中天然放射性核素的比活度和地面1m高处空气γ剂量率及地面γ辐射所致人均年有效剂量当量随粉煤灰的施用量增加呈现增加的趋势。因此,对粉煤灰的农田施用要加强管理和监测。     

稻壳灰中的纳米SiO_2及其在混凝土中的应用

采用 SEM/TEM(SAD)技术,首次发现了稻壳灰中的纳米 SiO2粒子,并首次揭示了低温稻壳灰( L- RHA)的显微结构稻壳灰由纳米尺度的 SiO2粒子(～ 50 nm)疏松地粘聚而成.稻壳灰结构中除了以往报道过的微米尺度的蜂窝孔(～ 10 μ m)外,还含有大量由 SiO2粒子非紧密粘聚而形成的纳米尺度孔隙( <50 nm ).纳米尺度的 SiO2粒子和纳米尺度的大量孔隙使稻壳灰对混凝土具有强烈的增强改性作用.当低温稻壳灰替代水泥量为 10%～ 20%时,可提高高强混凝土抗压强度 10 Mpa以上.     

采煤沉陷地粉煤灰充填复垦土壤元素淋溶特性实验研究

以采煤沉陷地粉煤灰充填复垦土壤的污染问题为研究背景,从措施的实地可操作性出发进行实验设计,采取了灰土、灰矸不同比例混合和隔层排列处理措施,对淋溶液中各检测元素的含量进行了分析和比较。结果表明,粉煤灰中大部分元素在淋溶液中含量高,淋溶作用强烈;在各种元素中,大多数污染重金属元素在淋溶液中的含量极低,只有铬的含量略高。不同处理设施对粉煤灰的淋溶特性有显著影响。     

煤矸石山防自燃隔离层的构建及其效果

露天堆放的煤矸石山极易自燃引发严重的地质灾害和环境污染。为改善传统的土壤覆盖治理方法,结合阳泉自燃煤矸石山综合治理现场,在黄土覆盖前以当地黏土和粉煤灰为原料构建不同设计构型的隔离层,并动态测量隔离层渗透率以及治理1a后试验区覆盖层的地温、紧实度,探讨在煤矸石与覆盖土壤之间添加隔离层防治自燃的效果。结果表明:利用黏土和粉煤灰构建隔离层,改善了传统的覆盖层结构,土壤紧实度随土层深度增加呈逐渐增大趋势,形成"上松下紧"利于植被生长的理想剖面;隔离层可有效阻隔空气,效果为粉煤灰与黏土混合黏土粉煤灰,试验以粉煤灰∶黏土=1∶2(体积比)比例充分混合构成的隔离层效果最佳,监测期间渗透率一直保持在低于50×10-12 m2的水平,地温从表入深基本平稳,在土层深度10~30 cm处温度大致稳定在10~15℃之间。该研究可为自燃煤矸石山综合治理中隔离层的构建提供参考数据及思路。